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Original Article
Online Published: 03 Mar 2025
 


MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATIONS OF PROBIOTIC-ENRICHED BIO-MARGARINE FROM VEGETABLE OILS

Edna Kalu-peter Nwanna, O.a Olaoye, Chinechendu Ubadire-agua, Chukwudum Albert Anyiam, Anyiam Chioma Cynthia.


Abstract
Aim/Background: This work investigated the production and microbiological evaluation of bio-margarine produced from palm, melon, and coconut oils using Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, and Streptococcus thermophilus starter cultures.
Materials and Methods: Six samples of non-inoculated margarines (MAG 001-MAG 006) were prepared with the following blend ratios of 90:2:8, 80:4:16, 70:8:22, 60:10:30, and 40:30:30 of coconut, melon, and palm oils. Three samples (MAG 007-009) of margarine inoculated with lactic acid bacteria starter cultures were prepared at the ratios of 60:10:30, 50:20:30, and 40:30:40 of coconut, melon, and palm oils. They were inoculated with L. acidophilus, S. thermophiles, and L. bulgaricus, respectively. The total bacteria count, total fungal count, total lacto-bacillus count, total staphylococcus count, and total coliform count of the starter culture inoculated margarine samples were determined for a period of 12 days using standard microbiological techniques.
Results: On day 1 of storage, there was no significant growth in any of the samples except in samples MAG 007-MAG 009 which ranged from 2.0 x 105 – 5.4 x 106. No significant growth was observed on day three (3) of storage in all the samples except in samples MAG 007-MAG 009 ranging from 6.0 x 105 – 7.0 x 106 CFU/g. During 6, 10, and 12 days of storage, no significant growth was observed in all the bio-margarine samples except in samples MAG 007 to MAG 009.
Conclusion: The rest from this study has shown that inoculation of lactic acid bacteria reduced total microbial counts when compared to the non-inoculated samples.

Key words: Melon seed, Probiotic cultures, Lactic acid bacteria, Microbiological evaluation


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Nwanna EK, Olaoye O, Ubadire-agua C, Anyiam CA, Cynthia AC. MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATIONS OF PROBIOTIC-ENRICHED BIO-MARGARINE FROM VEGETABLE OILS. J Res Agric Food Sci. 2025; 2(4): 96-109. doi:10.5455/JRAFS.20250119070956

Web Style

Nwanna EK, Olaoye O, Ubadire-agua C, Anyiam CA, Cynthia AC. MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATIONS OF PROBIOTIC-ENRICHED BIO-MARGARINE FROM VEGETABLE OILS. https://www.wisdomgale.com/jrafs/?mno=238512 [Access: March 13, 2025]. doi:10.5455/JRAFS.20250119070956

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Nwanna EK, Olaoye O, Ubadire-agua C, Anyiam CA, Cynthia AC. MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATIONS OF PROBIOTIC-ENRICHED BIO-MARGARINE FROM VEGETABLE OILS. J Res Agric Food Sci. 2025; 2(4): 96-109. doi:10.5455/JRAFS.20250119070956


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Nwanna EK, Olaoye O, Ubadire-agua C, Anyiam CA, Cynthia AC. MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATIONS OF PROBIOTIC-ENRICHED BIO-MARGARINE FROM VEGETABLE OILS. J Res Agric Food Sci. (2025), [cited March 13, 2025]; 2(4): 96-109. doi:10.5455/JRAFS.20250119070956


Harvard Style

Nwanna, E. K., Olaoye, . O., Ubadire-agua, . C., Anyiam, . C. A. & Cynthia, . A. C. (2025) MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATIONS OF PROBIOTIC-ENRICHED BIO-MARGARINE FROM VEGETABLE OILS. J Res Agric Food Sci, 2 (4), 96-109. doi:10.5455/JRAFS.20250119070956


Turabian Style

Nwanna, Edna Kalu-peter, O.a Olaoye, Chinechendu Ubadire-agua, Chukwudum Albert Anyiam, and Anyiam Chioma Cynthia. 2025. MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATIONS OF PROBIOTIC-ENRICHED BIO-MARGARINE FROM VEGETABLE OILS. Journal of Research in Agriculture and Food Sciences, 2 (4), 96-109. doi:10.5455/JRAFS.20250119070956


Chicago Style

Nwanna, Edna Kalu-peter, O.a Olaoye, Chinechendu Ubadire-agua, Chukwudum Albert Anyiam, and Anyiam Chioma Cynthia. "MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATIONS OF PROBIOTIC-ENRICHED BIO-MARGARINE FROM VEGETABLE OILS." Journal of Research in Agriculture and Food Sciences 2 (2025), 96-109. doi:10.5455/JRAFS.20250119070956


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Nwanna, Edna Kalu-peter, O.a Olaoye, Chinechendu Ubadire-agua, Chukwudum Albert Anyiam, and Anyiam Chioma Cynthia. "MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATIONS OF PROBIOTIC-ENRICHED BIO-MARGARINE FROM VEGETABLE OILS." Journal of Research in Agriculture and Food Sciences 2.4 (2025), 96-109. Print. doi:10.5455/JRAFS.20250119070956


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Nwanna, E. K., Olaoye, . O., Ubadire-agua, . C., Anyiam, . C. A. & Cynthia, . A. C. (2025) MICROBIOLOGICAL AND SENSORY EVALUATIONS OF PROBIOTIC-ENRICHED BIO-MARGARINE FROM VEGETABLE OILS. Journal of Research in Agriculture and Food Sciences, 2 (4), 96-109. doi:10.5455/JRAFS.20250119070956


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