Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc

Vailet Mteta; Furahini Godfrey; Alex Mremi; Blandina Mmbaga; Yotham Gwanika; Innocent Uggh; Adnan Sadiq

doi:10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059

A J Diagn Imaging. 2026; 12(3): 127-138

doi: 10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059

Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc

Vailet Mteta, Furahini Godfrey, Alex Mremi, Blandina Mmbaga, Yotham Gwanika, Innocent Uggh, Adnan Sadiq.

Abstract
Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common pediatric ocular malignancy, yet data on optic nerve involvement (ONI) in resource limited settings remain scarce.
Objective: To evaluate the clinical and radiological characteristics of pediatric retinoblastoma with ONI and assess survival outcomes.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 141 patients diagnosed between January 2018 and January 2023 at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre. ONI was classified anatomically as intraocular, intraorbital, intracanalicular, or intracranial, based on the most posterior extent of involvement. Survival analysis was performed using Cox regression.
Results: Of 141 patients, ONI was detected in 82 (58.2%): intraocular 20 (14.2%), intraorbital 9 (6.4%), intracanalicular 25 (17.7%), and intracranial 28 (19.9%). Patients without ONI had the highest survival, while intracranial ONI was associated with the poorest outcomes. Cox regression showed that advanced ONI and delayed presentation significantly increased mortality risk, while chemotherapy improved survival.
Conclusion: ONI classification based on anatomical extent provides a reproducible framework for assessing disease severity. Delayed presentation and advanced ONI were associated with poorer survival outcomes.

Key words: retinoblastoma, radiological features, optic nerve involvement, predictors of survival

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Mteta V, Godfrey F, Mremi A, Mmbaga B, Gwanika Y, Uggh I, Sadiq A. Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc. A J Diagn Imaging. 2026; 12(3): 127-138. doi:10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059

Web Style

Mteta V, Godfrey F, Mremi A, Mmbaga B, Gwanika Y, Uggh I, Sadiq A. Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc. https://www.wisdomgale.com/ajdi/?mno=308607 [Access: August 04, 2026]. doi:10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Mteta V, Godfrey F, Mremi A, Mmbaga B, Gwanika Y, Uggh I, Sadiq A. Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc. A J Diagn Imaging. 2026; 12(3): 127-138. doi:10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Mteta V, Godfrey F, Mremi A, Mmbaga B, Gwanika Y, Uggh I, Sadiq A. Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc. A J Diagn Imaging. (2026), [cited August 04, 2026]; 12(3): 127-138. doi:10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059

Harvard Style

Mteta, V., Godfrey, . F., Mremi, . A., Mmbaga, . B., Gwanika, . Y., Uggh, . I. & Sadiq, . A. (2026) Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc. A J Diagn Imaging, 12 (3), 127-138. doi:10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059

Turabian Style

Mteta, Vailet, Furahini Godfrey, Alex Mremi, Blandina Mmbaga, Yotham Gwanika, Innocent Uggh, and Adnan Sadiq. 2026. Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc. American Journal of Diagnostic Imaging , 12 (3), 127-138. doi:10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059

Chicago Style

Mteta, Vailet, Furahini Godfrey, Alex Mremi, Blandina Mmbaga, Yotham Gwanika, Innocent Uggh, and Adnan Sadiq. "Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc." American Journal of Diagnostic Imaging 12 (2026), 127-138. doi:10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Mteta, Vailet, Furahini Godfrey, Alex Mremi, Blandina Mmbaga, Yotham Gwanika, Innocent Uggh, and Adnan Sadiq. "Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc." American Journal of Diagnostic Imaging 12.3 (2026), 127-138. Print. doi:10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Mteta, V., Godfrey, . F., Mremi, . A., Mmbaga, . B., Gwanika, . Y., Uggh, . I. & Sadiq, . A. (2026) Radiological Patterns and Predictors of Survival Among Retinoblastoma Patients with Optic Nerve Involvement Attending Oncology Department at Kcmc. American Journal of Diagnostic Imaging , 12 (3), 127-138. doi:10.5455/ajdi.20260130103059