Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review

Kannan Subbaram; Zeba Un Naher; Razana Faiz; Aminath Huda; Punya Laxmi Manandhar; Sheeza Ali; Sina Salajegheh Tazerji; Phelipe Magalhães Duarte

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823

Eu J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024; 1(1): 25-29

doi: 10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823

Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review

Kannan Subbaram, Zeba Un Naher, Razana Faiz, Aminath Huda, Punya Laxmi Manandhar, Sheeza Ali, Sina Salajegheh Tazerji, Phelipe Magalhães Duarte.

Cited By:2

Abstract
The World Health Organization stated that there is a strong possibility for another pandemic caused by a novel disease. This disease can be caused by an unidentified and new etiology. The World Health Organization named this disease as disease X. Scientists have commented that the disease X may be 20 times fatal than COVID-19. Apart from disease X, there are diverse group of viruses and bacteria that can contribute emerging and re-emerging pandemic diseases. In this commentary, we evaluate all probable microorganisms and diseases that has the full potential to bring out another pandemic disease. There are several bacterial, viral and other etiologic agents that are emerging as virulent pathogens. Due to change in climate, overuse of antibiotics, deforestation and change in lifestyle has resulted in the emergence of many pathogens. These diseases may not be controlled using existing antibiotics/antiviral agents. Since many of these diseases currently do not have vaccines, prophylaxis becomes difficult. All health care organizations and its staff should be prepared in the control of these emerging diseases. We focus on Ebola hemorrhagic fever, Marburg hemorrhagic fever, Middle East respiratory syndrome Coronavirus, Measles, Herpes zoster, Influenza virus type A, Hepatitis C virus, Monkeypox, Zika virus, other viral diseases and Plague (Black Death).

Key words: Disease X; Re-emerging viruses; Emerging viruses; Re-emerging bacteria; World Health Organization

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How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Subbaram K, Naher ZU, Faiz R, Huda A, Manandhar PL, Ali S, Tazerji SS, Duarte PM. Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review. Eu J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024; 1(1): 25-29.

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823

Web Style

Subbaram K, Naher ZU, Faiz R, Huda A, Manandhar PL, Ali S, Tazerji SS, Duarte PM. Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review. https://www.wisdomgale.com/ejmid/?mno=197394 [Access: June 27, 2026].

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Subbaram K, Naher ZU, Faiz R, Huda A, Manandhar PL, Ali S, Tazerji SS, Duarte PM. Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review. Eu J Microbiol Infect Dis. 2024; 1(1): 25-29.

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Subbaram K, Naher ZU, Faiz R, Huda A, Manandhar PL, Ali S, Tazerji SS, Duarte PM. Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review. Eu J Microbiol Infect Dis. (2024), [cited June 27, 2026]; 1(1): 25-29.

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823

Harvard Style

Subbaram, K., Naher, . Z. U., Faiz, . R., Huda, . A., Manandhar, . P. L., Ali, . S., Tazerji, . S. S. & Duarte, . P. M. (2024) Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review. Eu J Microbiol Infect Dis, 1 (1), 25-29.

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823

Turabian Style

Subbaram, Kannan, Zeba Un Naher, Razana Faiz, Aminath Huda, Punya Laxmi Manandhar, Sheeza Ali, Sina Salajegheh Tazerji, and Phelipe Magalhães Duarte. 2024. Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review. European Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 1 (1), 25-29.

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823

Chicago Style

Subbaram, Kannan, Zeba Un Naher, Razana Faiz, Aminath Huda, Punya Laxmi Manandhar, Sheeza Ali, Sina Salajegheh Tazerji, and Phelipe Magalhães Duarte. "Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review." European Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 1 (2024), 25-29.

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Subbaram, Kannan, Zeba Un Naher, Razana Faiz, Aminath Huda, Punya Laxmi Manandhar, Sheeza Ali, Sina Salajegheh Tazerji, and Phelipe Magalhães Duarte. "Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review." European Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 1.1 (2024), 25-29. Print.

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Subbaram, K., Naher, . Z. U., Faiz, . R., Huda, . A., Manandhar, . P. L., Ali, . S., Tazerji, . S. S. & Duarte, . P. M. (2024) Disease X, re-emerging viral and bacterial pathogens: another deadly pandemic looming ahead – a mini review. European Journal of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 1 (1), 25-29.

doi:10.5455/EJMID.20240411022823